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The Purposes and Philosophies of Adult Education
Idealistically, one would imagine that from a thoroughly considered, vigorously researched and empirically supported foundation there would spring a well-developed theory which, in turn, would spawn a comprehensive system of practical application. However, in practice, the real-world concerns often take precedence over the theoretical and themselves give rise to solutions and innovations that are later incorporated into a supporting philosophy. According to Beder, with regard to adult education, “Philosophy for the most part has developed from purpose, because adult education has been more affected by the social function it serves than by the thought systems associated with it” (Merriam & Cunningham. 1989, p. 38). In other words, philosophy has derived from purpose rather than the normally accepted and logical converse.
Based on the rapid growth and of society and the corresponding specialized division of labor, further education became a necessary aspect of the adult working experience. Thus, adult education evolved as a natural social function responsive to the needs of the changing environment. Once fully ingrained in society a philosophy consistent with the ideologies of the group naturally developed around the goals and objectives of the endeavor of adult education.
Four Basic Purposes of Adult Education
1) To Facilitate Change in a Dynamic Society
Education beyond the common schools developed and persists as a natural response to the demands of a fast-paced, rapidly changing social, political and technological environment. While this seems like a reality for the decade of the 1990s and the future, Beder points out that this reasoning has resounded since the 1920s when the adult education movement emerged. He states specifically, “this purpose of adult education derives directly from adults’ need to remain current in the wake of rapid change and increasing knowledge” (Merriam & Cunningham. 1989, p. 39). Likewise, the emergence of adult education as a social institution in and of itself facilitated change in several social dimensions. Thus, adult education has served as both a response to and a factor of change in various aspects of society.
2) To Support and Maintain the Good Social Order
